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            Linux操作系统原理与应用
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            <p>HulGodhel 于 2020.11.06</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="操作系统概述">操作系统概述</h2>
<h3 id="认识操作系统">认识操作系统</h3>
<p>可以从不同的角度来认识操作系统。</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>从使用者的角度，操作系统使得计算机易于使用；</p>
<p>比如执行文件复制操作<code>cp dir1/a.tzt dir2/b.txt</code>过程中，首先，文件的概念是从操作系统中抽象出来的，没有文件，就必须指定数据的具体物理位置，如柱头磁道扇区等等，其次，复杂的IO操作也由操作系统完成，最后，命令的执行还涉及到其他的复杂操作，这些繁琐的事务完全由操作系统处理。</p>
<p>操作系统图形化的界面也使得计算机易于使用。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>从程序员角度，操作系统把软件开发人员从与硬件打交道的繁琐事务中解放出来；</p>
<p>编程的过程中不必关心实现的细节，可以直接调用系统API实现相关功能。操作系统是程序与硬件之间的桥梁，任何程序的运行只有借助操作系统才能顺利完成，操作系统是应用程序运行d基础设施。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>从设计者的角度，操作系统可以对计算机系统中的各种软、硬件资源进行有效的管理。</p>
<p>为了对软硬件资源进行有效的管理，操作系统必须包含以下几个部分：</p>
<ol>
<li>操作系统接口</li>
<li>CPU管理</li>
<li>内存管理</li>
<li>设备管理</li>
<li>文件管理</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<p>综上，</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>操作系统</strong>是计算机系统中的一个系统软件，是一些程序模块的集合——他们尽可能以有效、合理的方式组织和管理计算机的软、硬件资源，合理地组织计算机的工作流程，控制程序的执行，并向用户提供各种服务功能，使得用户能够灵活、方便、有效地使用计算机，使整个计算机系统能高效、舒畅地运行。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="操作系统的发展">操作系统的发展</h3>

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            <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#操作系统概述"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">操作系统概述</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#认识操作系统"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">认识操作系统</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#操作系统的发展"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">操作系统的发展</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
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